Assignment-2

Assignment- 2

100 ml. of a sample of hard water neutralizes exactly 12 ml. of 0.12 N HCl using methyl orange as indicator. What kind of hardness is present? Express the same in terms of an equivalent of CaCO3.
2. 100 ml. of a water sample required 12.4 ml. of N/50 H2SO4 for neutralization to phenolphthalein end point. Another 15.2 ml. of same acid was needed for further titration to methyl orange end point. Determine the type and amount of alkalinity.

50 ml. of water sample requires 10 ml. of 0.01 N EDTA when titrated using buffer solution (pH=10) to attain the end point. Calculate the total hardness of a sample in terms of ppm equivalent of CaCO3 per litre.

4. 200ml. of hard water sample require 30 ml. of 0.02 M EDTA with NH4 Cl-NH4OH buffer and EBT indicator. Another 200 ml. of the sample is boiled for about half an hour and after filtering the ppt. the volume of filtrate is made 200 ml. again by the addition of distilled water.20 ml. of this boiled water sample requires 5 ml. of 0.01 ml. EDTA following the same procedure. Calculate the temporary and permanent hardness of the sample.

5. A water sample on analysis gives the following data : Ca2+ = 20 ppm, Mg2+ = 25 ppm, CO2 = 30 ppm, HCO3- = 150 ppm, K+ = 10 ppm. Calculate the lime(87%pure) and soda (91% pure) required to soften 1 million litres of water sample.

6. Calculate the quantity of lime and soda required for softening 60000 liters of water containing CO2 = 20mg/L, Ca(HCO3)2 = 20 mg/L, Mg(HCO3)2 = 25mg/L, HCl= 8.4 mg/L, Al2(SO4)3 = 40mg/L and Mg Cl2 = 12 mg/L.

7. What is the principal involved in reverse osmosis process of desalination of water? Describe the process and its advantages.

8. What is Electro dialysis and how is it carried out? Discuss the process, its advantage and limitations.